Job Satisfaction and Motivations of Health Care Workers at Selected Hospitals in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf City, Iraq

@#Introduction: Job satisfaction is the positive and negative feelings of the direction of the job provides the workers of the physical, psychological and social benefits compared to what this worker expects, which will have a significant impact on the level of work performance and productivity of work. This study aims to determine the level of job satisfaction of health workers and identify the type of constraints affecting the health workers and determining the importance of incentives that would raise the level of job satisfaction. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted for the period from October 2017 to April 2018 in four general hospitals in Al- Najaf province. A number of 670 respondents were selected randomly. A self-administrated questionnaire in the Arabic Language was used to collect information after verifying its reliability. Results: This study found that 56.4% have a positive level of job satisfaction and the rest of the respondents believe that there are signs of constraints affecting health workers. On the other hand, there is a significant correlation between the age group and financial & moral support, there is a significant correlation between financial & moral support and job relationships, and between human resources and job relationships. Conclusion: there are more than half of the respondents were satisfied with their jobs and 56.1% of respondents were known about constraints affecting the health workers. Finally, 55.1% of respondents were familiar with the incentives that would raise the job satisfaction level.

Molecular detection and occurrence of equine theileriosis in Arabian horses in Al-Najaf province/Iraq / Detecção molecular e prevalência de teileriose equina em cavalos árabes na província de Al-Najaf/Iraque

This study was designed to detect equine piroplasmosis using the molecular technique in Al-Najaf province during the season that showed an increment in tick activities. Blood samples were collected from 110 horses with more than two signs of piroplasmosis. After DNA extraction, the product was examined by a polymerase chain reaction to amplify 18SrRNA. The results showed that the overall percentage of equine theileriosis was 38.18%. According to gender, the percentage of infection was 43.48% and 29.27% in females and males, respectively. Significant variations appeared between infected horses according to age, and the percentage of infection was 50% and 35.22% in less than 2 years and more than 2 years age, respectively. Moreover, the percentage of infection was 62.5% and 19.35% in animals with and without acariasis, respectively. Significant variations were also seen in equine theileriosis according to geographical areas, and the higher percentage was reported in Hera district (60.87%), while the lowest percentage was in the center of Al-Najaf (21.43%). This difference may be due to different distribution of vector of disease (tick), which may be the availability of the suitable weather that helped in the multiplication of the intermediate vectors. In conclusion, this study proved the variations in the occurrences of equine piroplasmosis according to gender, age, and geographical areas.(AU)

Este estudo foi desenvolvido para detectar piroplasmose equina usando a técnica molecular na província de Al-Najaf durante o período do ano com maior ocorrência de carrapatos. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 110 cavalos que apresentaram mais de dois sinais de piroplasmose. Após a extração do DNA, o produto foi examinado por reação em cadeia da polimerase para amplificar o 18SrRNA. Os resultados mostraram que a porcentagem geral de teileriose equina foi de 38, 18%. De acordo com o sexo, o percentual de infecção foi 43,48% e 29,27% no sexo feminino e masculino, respectivamente. Apareceram variações significativas entre os cavalos infectados de acordo com a idade, e a porcentagem de infecção foi 50% e 35,22% em menos de 2 anos e mais de 2 anos, respectivamente. Além disso, as porcentagens de infecção foram 62, 5% e 19, 35% em animais com e sem acariasis, respectivamente. Também foram observadas variações significativas na teileriose dos equídeos, de acordo com as áreas geográficas, e o maior percentual foi relatado no distrito de Hera (60, 87%), enquanto o menor percentual foi no centro de Al-Najaf (21,43%). Essa diferença pode ser devido à distribuição diferente do vetor da doença (carrapato), que pode ser a disponibilidade do clima adequado que ajuda na multiplicação dos vetores intermediários. Em conclusão, este estudo provou as variações nas ocorrências de piroplasmose eqüina de acordo com sexo, idade e áreas geográficas.(AU)

Evaluation the Health Impact of Some Heavy Metals in Milk from Markets

This study focuses on the heavy metals concentrations (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd) in certain common milk species are collected from Iraqi markets using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer-6300 AA, Shimadzu, Japan, respectively. This study shows the pollution in the environment obtained by heavy metals. The results showed that Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Fe were varying according to the order: Zn>Fe>Cr>Cd>Cu. levels of heavy metals were 0.610(Cr), 0.125(Cd), 0.052(Cu), and 6.902(Zn), and 0.759(Fe). All the heavy metals were observed within maximum limit in milk. Overall, the number of analyzed heavy metals and sample size were limited in present study. Keywords: Heavy metals; Milk; Najaf; Flame atomic absorption; Spectrophotometer This study focuses on the heavy metals concentrations (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd) in certain common milk species are collected from Iraqi markets using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer-6300 AA, Shimadzu, Japan, respectively. This study shows the pollution in the environment obtained by heavy metals. The results showed that Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Fe were varying according to the order: Zn>Fe>Cr>Cd>Cu. levels of heavy metals were 0.610(Cr), 0.125(Cd), 0.052(Cu), and 6.902(Zn), and 0.759(Fe). All the heavy metals were observed within maximum limit in milk. Overall, the number of analyzed heavy metals and sample size were limited in present study